岁朝清供纳福来******
▌胡烟
(明)陈洪绶 瓶花图
年来了。古代,传说“年”是一种恶兽。固定时期,凶猛的年兽会进攻村寨。人们放爆竹恐吓、贴春联讨喜,以此驱赶年兽的进攻。
“年兽”从来没人见过,但过年的习俗却留了下来。年,不仅是我们民族最重要的节日,更是迎接春天的仪式。
等春节一过,便是立春。此时离春天还早,我们像是顽皮的孩童,扒着门缝巴望着春天的影子。眼前风景,当然还徘徊在冬的领域。但,欣慰的是,大寒带走了极寒。否极泰来,温暖的日子毕竟不会远了。
立春前后,景色有两种可观,一是室外,皇家园林的美妙雪景。二在室内,正月里象征吉祥的清供。
大寒之后,京城又迎来一场雪。俗话说,一场雪,让故宫变成紫禁城。多少人期待着故宫的雪!经典的角楼雪景照,如同月宫景象,纯净华美。多层的屋檐,向着天空稍稍翘起的优美曲线,雪后轮廓更加清晰。静谧中,与神对话。不必期待承乾宫的梨花、永和宫的紫藤、慈宁宫的玉兰,暂且为了故宫雪景,好好珍惜着眼前的冬的尾声。
雪后故宫,建筑的秩序感,那些横平竖直、对称的殿宇,在茫茫的世界里,庄严清奇。红墙黄瓦的色彩分外明丽,还有殿前象征帝王气势的大片空地,像是中国画的留白,神秘而意蕴丰富。这是历史的省略号,无数史书之外隐匿的细节,都在这留白里,无从言说。
颐和园雪景也美。有人惊叹为“绝世容颜”。勤奋的摄影师,会早早抵达,取景框里寥无人迹。雪后,十七孔桥的清晨,玉树琼枝映雪龙。水影如同清亮的镜子,水边似有花旦对镜婀娜起舞。大地似一块简洁的画布。卧牛背上一弯沧桑的雪痕,亘古不变地守望远方。遥望佛香阁,像是隔着千里万里。江山不夜月千里,天地无私玉万家。好一个天地无私!
此时,天坛、地坛;日坛、月坛,处处雪。这些恢弘的名字背后,是“京城”的巨型印章。雪后,在这些公园里走一走,去感知天地岁月之沧桑,历史画卷之恢弘。对比之下,个人情绪何其渺小……
皇家园林的气派,尽在一场雪后。不知有没有前人总结过——江南园林喜雨,皇家园林喜雪。
近几年,我去江南多。总感觉,不论是西湖堤岸还是苏州的拙政园、沧浪园等私家园林,都是喜欢雨的。绵绵的雨,冲刷油绿的植物,带着撩人的微寒和暧昧,淋湿了玉兰的蓓蕾。水墨效果的斑驳的墙,诗人撑一把伞伫立遐思许久。墙根下苔藓微绿,映照着悠悠荡荡的假山下的流水。滑溜溜的鱼,穿来游去,捕捉水面的雨水气泡。少行人,林更幽。一扇半圆形的石拱门,等待有情致的佳人迈步……
再说室内风景,便指的清供。一方清供,点亮一间屋。清供,重在一个“清”字,早先从佛前供花而来,所以,并不彰显富贵。一束草、一截枝、一弯水,都可以成为清供。
中国画领域,多有新春以清供入画的作品,也就是岁朝清供图。历朝历代画家都有代表作。印象最深的,元代钱选、明代陈洪绶,都有作品传世。陈洪绶的清供图最有特色,以铜器作为养花器皿。青铜的锈色,乍一看感觉古怪,越品越有隽永的气息。这几乎成为他画作的一种密码。
海派画家吴昌硕几乎每年都画岁朝清供图。菖蒲、水仙、柿子、梅,既吉祥,又有君子的清气。白石老人也多画此题材,鞭炮、牡丹、红灯笼,文人们避之唯恐不及的民间俗物,在他的妙笔下变成大俗大雅的图式。
清供,是为了年,过年祈福。年前大扫除之后,家家户户都开始布置着室内的装点。现代人已经多把清供演绎成插花。
插花的艺术,最好跟古人学。日本的插花艺术,灵感来源于中国的禅学。
瓶花最好得“画家写生之妙”。我没学过插花,所以不敢卖弄,最藏拙的办法,是色彩尽量简约,不繁杂。翻看一本专业书《瓶花之美》,其中介绍了一个捷径,便是按照宋代的花鸟小品来插花。这个有趣,我常翻阅画册,却没想过拿来作为插花的参照。眼前的《果熟来禽图》《梨花鹦鹉图》《腊梅双禽图》《出水芙蓉图》,一帧一帧宋画小品,真像是插花艺术别样的呈现方式。那些从空中伸向画面的枝条,是遒劲的,像书法的笔墨。枝头的花,安静灵动,欲语还休。
参照这种意思,我先买来三枝火龙珠,叶子碧绿,枝干结实,饱满的红珠子,喜气却不抢眼。我最爱红珠子根底部那抹浅绿,蕴藏生机。又买澳洲腊梅,星星点点,花瓣与叶子全红,没有普通梅花那种冷逸,秀气耐看。细看花型,玲珑小巧,小家碧玉般令人怜惜。这样色彩鲜艳的花,瓶子越是朴素越好,古朴的陶器最有山野气。否则,便易由富贵而生轻佻。
水仙,是每年必不可少的。今年,掌握着室内温度,不令她开得太早。往年,大寒时节栽种的水仙,懒洋洋晒太阳,不到半月,花便开了。赶不上春节。如今,让她生长得慢,延长她的青春,将花期控制在立春之后。此外,在水中安放一只小龟——当然不是真的龟,而是友人赠送的石雕小龟,镇纸。且让它守着一盆水仙,令这方小小的水塘有生气。
水仙素雅,有顾影自怜的仙气。记得八大山人画水仙,将其画成佛手的样子,欲语还休,令我思量许久,参不透他的意思。
今年特别开心的是,买到了鲜切雪柳,它有一个好听的名字叫“南方殊雪”,来自昆明。是呀,昆明少有雪,开在柳树上的小白花,是雪的化身。雪柳初买回来,是绿色的柳条,向上伸展的腰肢,软软的,很婀娜。用白色瓷瓶插起来,千娇百媚,令我想到少女白皙的手臂。过几日,生出白色的小花苞,像茉莉。忽然一日清晨,目光与她相遇的瞬间,她送你满树繁花,我心情灿烂到极点。夜晚灯下,逆光欣赏,真像是漫天飞舞的雪。南方殊雪,浪漫情怀满屋。
如此,这个年,没有热闹的庙会,却也并不落寞。在静谧中沉淀自己,试着在平常的生活中生出一些喜气。这种意趣,唯有自己走出去,寻找。或者,在温暖的房间里,动手创造。我听见,春姑娘隔空喊话——准备好了吗?不负春光。
中新网评:美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后,美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕,众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录,将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
(文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() |